On the old Roman calendar, march 15 was the day which started the new year. The march date was basically the beginning of spring, a new year to begin with. But for political and military reasons, january 1, 153 bc became the day of the beginning of the New Year. From then on, the Roman year began on january first, and has continued until this day.

 

The Roman calendar, also called the Julian calendar, was widely used throughout Western europe, until it was revised by Aloysius Lilius, an Italian doctor, astronomer, philosopher and chronologist. The use of this reformed calendar was by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 and named after him, the Gregorian calendar, the most widely used calendar in the world today. It's not always so.

 

The month of Tishri, which falls during the months of september and october on the Gregorian calendar, is also the first month of the Jewish civil calendar. Summer was over, the harvest had been long and the fall season had begun. This first day of Tishri was Israel's New Year celebration.

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